Definition
To gather is to bring scattered things together into one place — leaves into a heap, papers off a desk, a crowd into a square. It is the plainest, most general member of its family: where you collect by careful selection and things accumulate almost on their own, you simply gather whatever is spread out and draw it in. From the Old English gaderian, 'to bring together', it serves the concrete (gather wood) and the abstract alike (gather evidence, gather your thoughts).
Examples
Collocations
gather information·gather evidence·gather a crowd·gather momentum·gather speed
Synonyms
collect·assemble·accumulate·amass·round up
Antonyms
Word family
gathering (noun)
In TOEFL & IELTS
The versatile everyday verb for bringing things together — 'gather data/evidence/information' is common across TOEFL and IELTS, and the idioms 'gather momentum/speed' and 'gather your thoughts' are useful in speaking. Hold the nuance against its near-synonyms: gather is the broad bring-together, collect adds deliberate selection, and accumulate is passive build-up over time.