Definition
To withhold is to hold back — to keep something you could give or release, and choose not to. You can withhold information, payment, consent, or judgment. From 'with-' (back, away) plus 'hold', the thing is neither destroyed nor used up; it is deliberately kept behind a line. To withhold judgment is the careful, academic move of refusing to decide until the evidence is in, while to suppress is to push something down by force — withholding is quieter, a hand that simply does not open.
Examples
Collocations
withhold information·withhold judgment·withhold consent·withhold payment
Synonyms
hold back·retain·suppress·keep back·reserve
Antonyms
release·grant·disclose
Word family
withholding (noun)
In TOEFL & IELTS
Very useful for IELTS and TOEFL academic writing, above all the phrase 'withhold judgment'. It is irregular: withhold–withheld–withheld. Pair it with 'information', 'consent' and 'payment'. Keep it separate from suppress (to crush or hide by force) and deprive (to keep a needy party from essentials) — to withhold is simply to decline to release.